Microcontroller Based Object Counter

Project code:- E43 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs. 3000/- USD:- 75$




The project presented here is based on world’s most powerful microco-ntroller based on intel’s mcs-51 family , generally known as intel-8051. We have used its derivative atmel-89c2051.


Object Counter Block Diagram 

Operation: A pair of 38khz transmitter and a receive is used to count the objects. Counts pulses are out from the 38khd receiver which are coupled to an opto coupler. At pin 2 out put of the optocoupler is connected to microcontroller pin 8 p3.4.

Ic3 an optocoupler will receive incoming count pulse at pin3 and output from pin 5 is connected to p3.4 pinof the ic2 microcontroller,

Two line by 16 character on each line (2×16) is used in nibble mode and maximun count can reach upto 65536 there after it will reset to 00000.

SW1 is manual reset switch to make the counter to reset to zero.

Circuit is driven by 9v 500m.a. transformer connected to PCON1

Diode D1-D4 forms bridge circuit C1,c2 and c3 are filter capacitors and are part of power supply section..

Ic1 7805 is 5v regulator ic to give stablised supply to microcontroller. Ld1 is a power indication led. R1 controls the current flowing thrugh led LD1 Crystal X1 along with C5 and C6 gives the necessary clock to microcontroller.

Capacitor C4 and R2 gives the required reset pulse to microcontroller

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Industrial Automation & Monitoring System

Project code:- E63 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs. 12000/- USD:- 300$

The mentioned project is based on the world,s most powerful intel controller 8051. most of the services provided in todays world are voice interactive, you call up your bank and computrised voice will speak to you,and guide you to enter a particular number from your phone to get the desired service.this service is only available through the fast speed computers and having huge ammount of memory.we emplemented interactive service for industrial applications.

you can switch on/off devices using your mobile phone or land line phone five numbers loads can be connected to the five relay provided.not only you can switch on /off devices it will also dial out a telephone number in case of security threat,or any safety or protection parameters goes beyond safety limit. in case of any of the above , for ex. temperature of the machinery has gone beyond safety limit ,the device will first switch off the plant and dials out the pre-stored telephone number and delivers the emergency message. it will dial out foe five times at the interval of one minute and again monitor the parameters, and if the parameters are not within limit again it will dial out . this cycle will repeat until the parameters becomes normal.
application: this project could be used for variety of purpose where you want to control something remotely.

a) suppose you own a company and are three or more partners and are always traveling. you have an office located some where. and have a main server you do not want that somebody other then your partner should handle this server due to security reason. at the same time you do not want to keep your server all the time on so there this device comes to your help only requirement for this device is a parallel telephone connection.and of course power supply.you can switch on your server remotely from any where in the world. when you dial the number where this device is connected with the server,after five number of bell ringing you will hear please enter your password. when you enter the password. if your password is correct then device will further respond otherwise without giving any further response device will disconnect you.if you number is correct you will receive these message
press one for normal on off, press two for password change press three for telephone number change, press star to listen this menu again.
so if you press 1 and 1&1 you get message requested channel is on or 1&0 requested channel is off 1&2 to now the status of previously on or off channels similarly with all the five channels same combination are applies you can press star(*) to go back to previous menu.
now pressing two you can change the password and device will respond like this please enter your password and your password has been changed. similarly by pressing three you can change telephone number.and device will respond please enter new telephone number &your telephone number has been changed.

b) This was one example of this device similarly this could be used to control or switch on any process control machionary where allfunctions are automatic. electric grid could be controlled remotely. or outomatic production machionery could be controlled even during odd hours with yiur mobile phone.
security features of this device suppose there is fire at the machionery space this device will switch off the machionery first and the dial our the pre stored number to your phone and will deliver the emergency message. and will keep dialing untill you come and personally reset this device.
this device has the following blocks

1. ring detector circuit comprises of bridge rectifire d1-d4 and opto coupler u8 mct2e
2. watch dog timer comprising of ic 7400 and u7 ic 4047
3. dtmf decoder ic u6 8870
4. dialer circuit relay rl2 transister q1
5. off hook circuit relay rl1 and transformer tr1 c5 and r8.
6. microcontroller circuit the central processor 89c51
7. speech circuit ic uv1 1840 where all the messages are stored
8. amplifire circuit ic uv2 lm 386
9. security storage ic 93c46
10. and load controller where relay boards will be connected p1
11. power supplay circuit ic u10 7805,bridge rectifires d1-d4
12. capacitor c1 and c2
13. fire sensor is connected to connector p2 connector

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Automatic Toll Tax

Project code:- E23 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs.12000/- USD:- 300$

Automatic toll tax project is designed ,using atmel 89c51 microcontroller & descreate componants. Heart of the project is an ir transmitter and receiver modules ,these strong powerfull modules transmits 38khz strong ir beam, has a range of more than 15 feets are sufficiently enough for our project. I have designed this project as a simple emplementation of the toll collection process automatically in a model form.

Automatic Toll Tax With Block Diagram 

Automatic Toll Tax Representation 
Project Video

This should not be considered as a real toll collection system which require much more considerations , tests and huge amount of money, before they are actually put into use.
However this project gives enough guidelines for the actual dvelopment of the toll collection system. For the sake of simplicity , we have to make coin box exactly same as used in pco coin box machine fixed on railway station or else whare. We have to make two coin size holes one for one rupee, and other for five rupee coin. You have to fixup coin sensors on these holes, one sensor should be fixed for five rupee coin and one sensor for one rupee coin.
Operation of the coin sensor is as follows
1) When no coin is incerted light emitting diodes throws light on ldr and its resistance remains low
2) When coin is inserted,the resistance of the ldr becomes high and transister(q1 or q2) get enough biasing voltage and becomes ON ,there output at collector becomes low. As the coin is dropped in,,the out put of the collector again goes high,
3) Output of these transisters are connected to p2.5 and p2.7 pin of the microcontroller and low pulse is detected by the microcontroller whenever the coin is dropperd
This low pulse detection is considered as coin has been dropped.
In real emplementation, this type of sensors cannot be used ,more sensitive equipments such as coin changers,or currency emaging machines shuld be employed . Some of them you will find on railway stations or out side temples.

Port 1 is connected with the 2 line 16 character lcd. lcd is used in nibble mode
Port 0 is used as output port used for gate motor and indication leds
Ic 3 api 89021 is one time programmable (otp) speech ic where our message is stored. It is addressable ic so required message can be played.
Ic4 Lm 386 is used as audio amplifire ic to drive the speaker
Ic1 7805 is regulator ic gives 5v regulated power supply to the entire circuit.
Ir transmittrs are mounted on a pole at different heights matching to the heights of small and heavy vehicles. Similarly receivers are mounted on the other side of the road at the corresponding heights of transmitters.One pair of transmitter and receivers are to be mounted across the road afrer 15/20 feet of the toll station. Please see the video for
Arrangements of transmitter and receiver arrangements.

Operation: when heavy veichel passes the output of hvrx receiver becomes low and makes the p2.1 pin low microcontroller understand that heavy veichel is passed, p3.7 will go high which will trigger the pin no 10 of ic api 89021 and sound ‘pl enter 5 rs coin’ will come out through pin no 7 of the ic and is connected to c10 vr2 volume control and to

the pin no 3 of ic lm386. Audio can be heard through speaker. At the same time p0.2 will also go high and led ld3 rs 5 indication will come on
when the user inserts rs 5 coin, p2.7 pin will get low going pulse and rs 5 indication led will go off, also the sound will stop and gate motor will operate in the open direction.by p0.0.
When the veichele passes through outer sensor area out put of outrx will give low pulse at p2.3 and gate will close by p0.1 The circuit is ready for the next operation. Similarly when small veichele croses, lvrs will get activated and p2.2 will get low going pulse and p3.6 will become high and make pin no 11 of api89021 will go high ind sound will come’ pl enter one rs coin’ also ld2 ,one rupee coin will become on by p0.3 .other operation are similar .

Lcd keeps the counter of heavy and small veichles Circuit operates on 12v ac supply given at ac input point pcon 1. 9 v one amp. Transformer is connected to pcon1 bridge rectifire circuit d1-d4 ,c1 ic 7805 gives the regulated power supply. Ic5 connected on port 0. 74LS 245 is used as buffer ic to make the output current strong q3,q4,q5 and q2 transister operates the relay circuit to drives the motor .Motor runs in one direction for opening the gate and in opposite direction for closing the gate.

Source: Click here

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Mobile Phone Operated Buggie / Robot

Project code:- E42 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs.7500/- USD:- 200$

Now my young buggie has grown to maturity and can be contacted over mobile phone . designed for various applications . This buggie is opeaed by DTMF codes which it listens through it’s ear circuit connected to mobile phone. It obeys all the required commands sent by the master, have complete function like car. From the remote location you can send the buggie where humen entry is not possible.


mobile operated robot / buggie Block Diagram 

Places like neuclear radiation effected area ,dangerous gas effected area, between narrow spaces, reactor inspection. And many more place This can be used as
1.Spy robot (if camera is installed on it)
2. Fire fighting
3.Spray painting
4.Fumigation
5.Pesticide spraying
6.Gas leakage detection
7.Drilling
8.Metel detection
9. Mine sweeping
10.Sample collection and many more…….
You need to install the required apparatus on this buggie to do your job.
Note:This is a simple model. Professional equipments should be developed on these guidelines
To carry out above operations.

DTMF – HOW DOES IT WORK

DTMF was originally developed to allow sending control information (dialled numbers) across the telephone network. The telephone network has a bandwidth of approx. 300 to 3400 Hz, suitable for voice communications. Any control tones would also need to be in this range and had to work regardless of whether voice was present or not.

A single tone or frequency could have been used. However, if voice was present, it would interfere with the control tones, making them useless. To overcome this a scheme was developed where by two tones or frequencies were combined to represent each control code or number.

A total of seven tones were needed to represent the digits normally found on a telephone keypad, namely 0-9, * and #. An eighth tone was added so that some extra digits were available for use. These are commonly labelled ABCD. These eight tones were divided into two groups of four tones each, a low-frequency group and a high-frequency group.

This frequency group and a high-frequency group. This four-by-four array produced 16 different combinations.

Source: Click here

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Highway Speed Sensing & Automatic Breaking System

Project code:- E54 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs. 9000/- USD:- 225$
Every year ,we find more and more road accidents due to increased traffic on the roads, and if you see the statistics ,you will find that the causalities are more every year than that of 1970 Indo -Pak war. Experts says, increased motorist population, long working hours, stressful life, are the major cause. The factors are beyond one’s control , but if we could alert the driver on the highway,could save the many presicious lives.

Recieiver With Block diagram

Transmitter With Block diagram

I am not going to explain very complex solution for this,neither I claim to be an expert traffic controller . If we could fix up some sort of transmitter system on the highways which can detect the speed of the vehicle and convey to the driver that he is not in the permitted speed limit in the particular area or he is in a no horn area, or even further , if the automatic breaking system could be actuated on over speed.

As a prototype I have designed a transmitter and a receiver system . Receiver will be kept in the vehicles and transmitters would be installed on the road. I have not used any speed sensing device, instead four switches.which could be operated by traffic Cops, limit 80, limit40,limit20 and no horn area, are provided . when ever these switches are pressed, they will transmit the corresponding alert message to the driver .

Receiver section will have an 2X16 lcd, which will display the alert message ,and a relay circuit having three relays. One relay to sound alarm to driver. One relay for the auto breaking circuit . and one relay to disable horn in the no horn area.

Transmitter circuit: 
Transmitter consists of a microcontroller and 433mhz transmitter module .capacitor c1 and r2 gives the reset pulse to microcontroller reset pinX1 along with two 33 pf capacitor gives required the clock pulse to microcontroller.

Receiver circuit:
Receiver consists of a microcontroller ic2 and 2×16 lcd device for display purpose. Capacitor c3 and r2 gives the required reset pulse to the reset pin1 of the microcontroller. Alternatively a reset switch is also provided to mannaually reset the microcontroller. Capacitor c4,c5 along with the cryctal x1 gives the clock pulses to microcontroller ,this serially received data is displayed on the lcd.

Alarm switch connected to p1.0 pn 13 will Data transmitted from the transmitter is received by the 433mhz receiver and output from this receiver is connected to pin 2 of the microcontroller ic2.this serially received data is displayed on the lcd. Alarm switch connected to p1.0 pn 13 will switch off the alarm relay. Pin7,8&9 of the microcontroller controls the operaton of the relay.

These three relays are alarm relay,break relay and no horn relay. Transster Q4 and Q5 are drvers for relay K3, a break relay. Whenever speed limit is above 80 km/hour break relay will be operated and break relay will operate and break will be applied. When ever the vehicle is in no horn zone , no horn relay’normally close contact will open and driver will be prohibited to sound horn. Whenever vehicle receives any warning signal on his lcd a alarm will also sound which will be operated by the sound relay. Driver has a option to switch off the alarm after he see the alarm message on the lcd.

Limit 80,Limit 40, Limit 20 and Nohorn are the four keys conneted to mcrocontroller pin 67,8,9. one side of the keys is connected to ground, so whenever any key is pressed , that particular pin of the microcontroller will become low and microcontroller will will detect key press. If no key is pressed all these pins will stay high.

Corresponding messages are stored into microcontroller rom area . Microcontroller will read the corresponding message fron the ron area and shift out serially from the pin number 3 of the microcontroller.

data shifted out serially at the rate of 300bits per second. Output data fron the pin 3 of the icrocontroller is connected to the data in pin 2 of the 433mhx transmitter . the transmitter will transmit this data to air. Entire circuit is driven by 9v battery ic 1 is 5 v regulator which gives regulated 5v dc required for microcontroller and 433mhx trensmitter module. Ld1 gives the visual indication whenever any key is pressed.

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