Patient Monitor ~ Studentsjoy

Wednesday, November 23, 2011

Patient Monitor


Project code:- E28 Project Cost:- INR:- Rs. 10000/- USD:- 250$

Patient Monitor
The goal of our project is to design a low powered heart and body temperature monitor that will provide an accurate reading of ones heart rate and temperature . The monitor will be easy to use, portable, and affordable. It will measure the heart rate from an index finger using an LED and a photo-sensor to detect changes in blood flow in an index finger.
Patient Monitor With Block Diagram Patient Monitor Block Diagram

Project video

The heart rate and body temperature will be displayed on a lcd display for easy monitoring. The significance of the monitor is that it provides an inexpensive and accurate means of measuring one’s heart rate at his/her convenience. I will give some clinical findings of both these parameters before I go into the technicality about my project.
The normal core body temperature of a healthy, resting adult human being is stated to be at 98.6 degrees fahrenheit or 37.0 degrees celsius. Though the body temperature measured on an individual can vary, a healthy human body can maintain a fairly consistent body temperature that is around the mark of 37.0 degrees celsius.
The normal range of human body temperature varies due to an individuals metabolism rate, the higher (faster) it is the higher the normal body temperature or the slower the metabolic rate the lower the normal body temperature. Other factors that might affect the body temperature of an individual may be the time of day or the part of the body in which the temperature is measured at.
The body temperature is lower in the morning, due to the rest the body received, and higher at night after a day of muscular activity and after food intake.
37.6 °C. It is the least time consuming and most accurate type of body temperature measurement, being an internal measurement. But it is definitely, by far, not the most comfortable method to measure the body temperature of an individual.It is suggested that a feverish state may not be implied unless the body temperature exceeds 99.9 °F or 37.7 °C.”
Scientists today know that normal is actually 98.2 plus or minus 0.6, that is to say anything in the range of 97.6° to 98.8° should be considered normal.”
Another paraeter to be measured in human body is the heart rate
What does the heart rate signify? It’s a window into your muscles and lungs; it reveals how hard they are working. Your heart pounds to pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry cell waste products away from your muscles. The more you demand of your muscles, the harder your heart has to work to perform these tasks. That means your heart must beat faster to deliver more blood. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines of how effective that routine is improving your health. Once only used by elite athletes, heart rate monitors are now becoming an essential tool for everyone from the casual athlete to the personal trainer. Heart monitors provide an easy and scientific measure of the effort you are
putting into your workouts. A heart rate monitor is simply a device that takes a sample of heartbeats and computes the beats per minute so that the information can easily be used to track heart condition. Current technology consists of optical and electrical monitors. The electrical method provides a bulky strap around one’s chest. The optical method does not require the strap and can be used more conveniently than the electrical method.
There are many constraints in producing a heart monitor. First, the technology used to measure the pulse has to be determined. A cost efficient way of measuring the pulse is the combination of a LED and photo-sensor.
With the LED technology, ambient light causes excess noise. Therefore, a filter would be needed to attenuate the noise in order that the pulse signal can be extracted. The device must have a display or some way to observe the heart rate. The device should be accurate and easy to use to be attractive to the general public. To make an impact on the market, the design must be small, lightweight, durable and affordable. With these constraints noted, one can propose a design to produce a heart monitor.
Using the design constraints described above, we can now state how we will approach our design. The basis of our design is to construct an efficient and affordable heart monitor. A LED and photo-sensor will be used to measure the pulse by measuring the change in blood flow
through one of the index fingers. A noise filter will be designed to filter out any unwanted noise and interference from ambient light. Patient monitors exist today, so our design is not the first patient monitor to be built. However, our device will apply to all ages of people who want to monitor their heart rate for any reason. It will provide fast and accurate readings. Because of its portable size, our design can be used at home or the office or any desired location. Under the time constraints, we will only be able to produce a prototype meeting the general constrains above. Many features could be added such as wireless monitoring, ECG technology, and alarm features.
Monitoring one’s heart rate is useful not only for a patient but also for normal persons, including athletes, in order to observe the heart rate variations due to stress, exercise and concentration. For persons with illness, of course, the heart rate gives a good indication of the intensity and the stress on the heart as well. Normal heart rate for the average individual is known to be 72 beats per minute.

0 comments:

Post a Comment